Centrifugal compressor structure

Release time：2025-12-19    Click：72

　　Centrifugal compressor, also known as turbine compressor, is a kind of mechanical equipment that works on gas through high-speed rotating impeller and uses centrifugal force to improve gas pressure. The structure of centrifugal compressor is mainly composed of rotor and stator. Starting from the overall structural framework of centrifugal compressor, the key components, functional characteristics and design points of centrifugal compressor will be disassembled in detail.

　　I. Detailed explanation of centrifugal compressor structure (core structure composition)

　　1. Rotor is the "power core" of centrifugal compressor, which is mainly composed of main shaft, impeller, balance disc, coupling and other parts. Its core function is to convert mechanical energy transmitted by motor into kinetic energy of gas.

　　Impeller: the core compression component with multiple blades, which is directly installed on the spindle. When the impeller rotates, it pushes the gas to move and converts mechanical energy into gas kinetic energy. According to the structural characteristics, it can be divided into three types: open, semi-open and closed;

　　Spindle: transmit driving torque, support all rotating parts, and ensure high-speed rotation stability. The main function is to transmit power and support the position of rotor and fixed element;

　　Balance disk: use the pressure difference between the two sides to generate reverse thrust, offset the axial force and protect the thrust bearing;

　　2. Stator is a fixed part of centrifugal compressor, which is mainly composed of air inlet chamber, diffuser, reflux device, volute and other parts. Its core function is to guide the flow direction of gas, convert kinetic energy of gas into pressure energy, and complete the collection and output of gas. The channel design of stator components directly affects the compression efficiency and operation stability of compressor.

　　Enclosure (cylinder): the main pressure-bearing part, and other fixed elements are installed inside. According to the structure, it can be divided into horizontal division type, cylinder type and multi-axis type.

　　Diffuser: located at the outlet of impeller, it converts kinetic energy of gas into pressure energy.

　　Bend and reflux device: guide gas to the next stage impeller in multi-stage compressor.

　　Volute: spiral channel, which collects compressed gas and leads it to the outlet. The main function is to collect and lead out the gas after the diffuser.

　　Second, the application field of centrifugal compressor

　　Centrifugal compressors are widely used in many industrial fields because of their stable performance:

　　Chemical industry: compressing various chemical gases for the production of plastics, rubber and fibers;

　　Oil and gas: gas compression in the process of oil and gas field development and oil and gas transportation;

　　Hydrogen energy: hydrogen compression in hydrogen fuel cell system;

　　Electronic manufacturing: chip manufacturing, optical communication industry and other fields that require high air quality;

　　Air separation unit: multi-shaft type is used for large air compression;

　　Refrigeration industry: horizontal split type is used in medium and low pressure refrigeration system;

　　The above is a detailed explanation of the structure of centrifugal compressor. The structural design of centrifugal compressor is a systematic project. The cooperation of rotor and stator realizes the high-efficiency transfer and transformation of energy, and the auxiliary system provides a guarantee for the stable operation of the equipment. A deep understanding of the structure and design principle of centrifugal compressor is of great guiding significance for equipment selection, installation, operation and maintenance and troubleshooting.